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There are many ways people communicate with one
another, either verbally or nonverbally. One form of nonverbal communication is
through the use of an AAC system. According to the American
Speech-Language-Hearing Association, “Augmentative and Alternative
Communication (AAC) includes all forms of communication (other than oral speech)
that are used to express thoughts, needs, wants, and ideas.” AAC is a tool used
by children and adults with severe speech and language delays. The function of
the AAC system is to “supplement existing speech or replace speech that is not
functional,” meaning it assists in improving communication skills.
There are two types of Augmentative and Alternative
Communication systems, aided and unaided communication. The first system, aided
communication, is a form of communication using facial expressions, gestures,
body movement, symbols, pictures, writing, and/or sign language. The second
system, unaided communication, requires tools or equipment other than body
movements and is technologically advanced. Some examples of an aided system are
communication boards and voice output devices. Communication boards are a
visual display of language. Each board is unique and specific to every
individual and includes the core vocabulary necessary to express their needs
and wants. An example of a voice output device is the DynaVox system, a
keyboard-based aid, used by individuals with fine literacy skills. Some
professionals use low-tech and high-tech as another way to differentiate the
two systems. High-tech refers to the use of technology, whereas low-tech does
not use technology.
The aided and unaided communication systems are great
resources and tools for children with Autism. These forms of communication
allow children to express themselves and may also enhance social skills.
Currently I am tutoring a six year old boy who was diagnosed with Autism. He is
an intelligent young boy but still has difficulties with expressive language.
To help improve verbal communication, he uses an unaided communication system,
writing. With verbal cues, he is able to write his needs and then can read it
aloud. I learned that he is a visual learner and after writing phrases several
times, he is able to repeat a phrase without having to look down at the paper.
He is an amazing little boy and I am grateful for the opportunity to be his tutor. Stories like this one are living examples of
how children with Autism can still learn and improve their communication skills
as long as they have the motivation and support.
Communication Board
DynaVox
Recently, I have gained more interest in learning
about AAC. Volunteering in the AAC clinic at San Francisco State University
opened up my eyes into a new area of Speech Pathology. I had read about
Augmentative and Alternative Communication in my classes, but it is a totally
different experience actually working with a client who uses an AAC device. It
was definitely a learning experience for me.
It can be very challenging working with a client with this type of
device because they may also have other disabilities and disorders other than
just speech delay. Clients who use an AAC to communicate usually either have
Autism or Cerebral Palsy. The best part about using an AAC device is that it
gives a child the opportunity to have a voice, allowing them the ability to
interact with others and communicate basic needs and wants. I can see why so
many families choose to use these devices based on the many advantages it
brings.
References:
- http://www.asha.org/public/speech/disorders/AAC/
- http://www.communicationmatters.org.uk/page/what-is-aac
- http://www.bridgeschool.org/transition/multimodal/com_boards.php
- http://www.ncvital.info/disabilities/speech/voice_output.html
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